Monday, October 14, 2013

Defining Psychopathy

                Dr. Newman discussed what it really means to be a psychopath. The definition of a psychopath is a person suffering from a chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent social behavior. One way to explain the mental processing of a psychopath is the low fear hypothesis. This is the widely known and accepted hypothesis, stating that they have poor response to threat and do not pick up on punishment cues. For example psychopaths would not react as strongly when viewing disturbing pictures. However, Newman presented us with another way of explaining the mental processing of a psychopath. The response modulated hypothesis states that people with psychopathy get focused on an idea and ignore all other irrelevant information. 
                Dr. Newman’s experiments demonstrated that the low fear defects of psychopaths are a result of their severe modulation of attention. Psychopathic individuals are better at the Stroop test because of their ability to focus and exclude irrelevant information. Also you can get the “normal” startle response from someone with psychopathy if they are attending to it in their task. However, if their attention is elsewhere then they will display a lower startle response.
                Hare developed a psychopath checklist to help people determine whether someone is psychopathic or not by judging how their mental processing regulates their behavior.
  • Glibness/superficial charm
  • Grandiose sense of self-worth
  • Pathological lying
  • Cunning/manipulative
  • Lack of remorse of guilt
  • Shallow affect
  • Callousness/lack of empathy
  • Failure to accept responsibility for his or her own actions
  • Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
  • Parasitic lifestyle
  • Poor behavioral control
  • Lack of realistic long-term goals
  • Impulsiveness
  • Irresponsibility
  • Juvenile delinquency
  • Early behavioral problems
  • Revocation of conditional release
  • Criminal versatility
  • Promiscuous sexual behavior
  • Many short-term relationships
There is an interesting TEDtalk about this list describing psychopathy. The journalist Jon Ronson talks about his experience with the DSM, psychiatry, and psychopathy focusing on the checklist. As human beings we are obsessed with conceptualizing our world (i.e. the DSM). He discusses how he began to diagnose himself after looking at the DSM, which many of us do after learning about abnormal psychology as well. However, we should leave that up to the professionals, namely psychiatrists. But psychiatrists are human too, so don’t they also feel the urge to conceptualize the world around us. Ronson became a certified psychopath spotter and discussed how he felt the urge to shove the business leaders into the conceptual box of a psychopath. He tried to apply this checklist to them just because the statistics said psychopaths are common among CEO’s. He brings a refreshing look to psychiatry. Reminding us that it is ok to accept that there is grey area in the world of mental disorder, though we like to think about it in black and white.
Resources
Ronson, Jon. TEDtalks (2011). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYemnKEKx0c
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy

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